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git-flow工具之命令行操作教程(二)

发表于 2016-09-06
更新于 2024-05-23
分类于 技术专栏
阅读量 1665
字数统计 7915

上一篇我们讲到如何开始版本的开发，接下去讲如何版本发布以及如何热修复。

2.3.2、发布版本：

root@linguang-VirtualBox:/home/nodejsTest/testForGitFlow# git pull origin develop
root@linguang-VirtualBox:/home/nodejsTest/testForGitFlow# git flow release finish -F -p release_v0.0.1
Branches 'release/release_v0.0.1' and 'origin/release/release_v0.0.1' have diverged.
And local branch 'release/release_v0.0.1' is ahead of 'origin/release/release_v0.0.1'.
Branches 'develop' and 'origin/develop' have diverged.
And local branch 'develop' is ahead of 'origin/develop'.
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
 README.md | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
Switched to branch 'develop'
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
 README.md | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
Username for 'https://github.com': linxiaowu66
Password for 'https://linxiaowu66@github.com': 
To https://github.com/linxiaowu66/testForGitFlow.git
 - [deleted]         release/release_v0.0.1
Deleted branch release/release_v0.0.1 (was 5440b52).
Username for 'https://github.com': linxiaowu66
Password for 'https://linxiaowu66@github.com': 
Counting objects: 15, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (15/15), done.
Writing objects: 100% (15/15), 1.65 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 15 (delta 4), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (4/4), done.
To https://github.com/linxiaowu66/testForGitFlow.git
   4d39bfb..7685e5c  develop -> develop
Username for 'https://github.com': linxiaowu66
Password for 'https://linxiaowu66@github.com': 
Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://github.com/linxiaowu66/testForGitFlow.git
   4d39bfb..6d5f3ae  master -> master
Username for 'https://github.com': linxiaowu66
Password for 'https://linxiaowu66@github.com': 
Counting objects: 1, done.
Writing objects: 100% (1/1), 162 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 1 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://github.com/linxiaowu66/testForGitFlow.git
 * [new tag]         release_v0.0.1 -> release_v0.0.1

Summary of actions:
- Latest objects have been fetched from 'origin'
- Release branch 'release/release_v0.0.1' has been merged into 'master'
- The release was tagged 'release_v0.0.1'
- Release tag 'release_v0.0.1' has been back-merged into 'develop'
- Release branch 'release/release_v0.0.1' has been locally deleted; it has been remotely deleted from 'origin'
- 'develop', 'master' and tags have been pushed to 'origin'
- You are now on branch 'develop'

中间将会弹出3个编辑框：

  1. Merge release分支到master分支的日志信息，可以不用填写，也可以协商自己的log；
  2. 打tag，这个是必填，因为你需要写上你打的tag的名称；
  3. merge 到develop分支需要填写的log信息。

注意最后的命令git flow release finish -F -p release_v0.0.1执行的操作比较多，大致可以概括如下：

  1. 从origin获取最新代码
  2. 合并Release分支代码到master，这时便弹出第一个编辑框
  3. 打上tag'release_v0.0.1'，这时弹出第二个编辑框
  4. 合并代码到develop分支上
  5. 删除本地的Release分支；并将远程对应的分支也删除掉
  6. push master和develop和tags到远端服务器
  7. 切换到develop分支

其中-F和-p或者其他参数的命令含义是：

参数说明
-F执行操作前先执行fetch
-s对新建的tag签名
-u签名使用的GPG-key
-m使用指定的注释作为tag的注释
-p当操作结束后,push到远程仓库中
-k保留分支
-n不创建tag

对于到分支图以及github如图：

这样就ok了！

2.4、hotfix分支的开发

接下去讲一下hotfix，流程几乎和release类似：

root@linguang-VirtualBox:/home/nodejsTest/testForGitFlow# git flow hotfix start fix-bug-001
Switched to a new branch 'hotfix/fix-bug-001'

Summary of actions:
- A new branch 'hotfix/fix-bug-001' was created, based on 'master'
- You are now on branch 'hotfix/fix-bug-001'

Follow-up actions:
- Start committing your hot fixes
- Bump the version number now!
- When done, run:

     git flow hotfix finish 'fix-bug-001'

如图：

接着你就开始修复某一个bug，修复完成之后就需要将该bug的修复代码合并到master和develop：

root@linguang-VirtualBox:/home/nodejsTest/testForGitFlow# git pull origin develop
root@linguang-VirtualBox:/home/nodejsTest/testForGitFlow# git flow hotfix finish -F -p fix-bug-001
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
 README.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
Switched to branch 'develop'
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
 README.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
Deleted branch hotfix/fix-bug-002 (was 8ac2377).
Username for 'https://github.com': linxiaowu66
Password for 'https://linxiaowu66@github.com': 
Counting objects: 5, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done.
Writing objects: 100% (5/5), 611 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 5 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (2/2), completed with 1 local objects.
To https://github.com/linxiaowu66/testForGitFlow.git
   39ad5bf..866975c  develop -> develop
Username for 'https://github.com': linxiaowu66
Password for 'https://linxiaowu66@github.com': 
Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://github.com/linxiaowu66/testForGitFlow.git
   8d2143c..e7976e3  master -> master
Username for 'https://github.com': linxiaowu66
Password for 'https://linxiaowu66@github.com': 
Counting objects: 1, done.
Writing objects: 100% (1/1), 163 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 1 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://github.com/linxiaowu66/testForGitFlow.git
 * [new tag]         fix-bug-002 -> fix-bug-002

Summary of actions:
- Latest objects have been fetched from 'origin'
- Hotfix branch 'hotfix/fix-bug-002' has been merged into 'master'
- The hotfix was tagged 'fix-bug-002'
- Hotfix tag 'fix-bug-002' has been back-merged into 'develop'
- Hotfix branch 'hotfix/fix-bug-002' has been locally deleted
- 'develop', 'master' and tags have been pushed to 'origin'
- You are now on branch 'develop'

如果你忘记了刚才加了-F -p的参数，那么就需要你手工push到remote上去：

root@linguang-VirtualBox:/home/nodejsTest/testForGitFlow# git push origin develop
Username for 'https://github.com': linxiaowu66
Password for 'https://linxiaowu66@github.com': 
Counting objects: 5, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done.
Writing objects: 100% (5/5), 610 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 5 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (2/2), completed with 1 local objects.
To https://github.com/linxiaowu66/testForGitFlow.git
   7685e5c..39ad5bf  develop -> develop
root@linguang-VirtualBox:/home/nodejsTest/testForGitFlow# git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
root@linguang-VirtualBox:/home/nodejsTest/testForGitFlow# git push origin master
Username for 'https://github.com': linxiaowu66
Password for 'https://linxiaowu66@github.com': 
Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://github.com/linxiaowu66/testForGitFlow.git
   6d5f3ae..8d2143c  master -> master
root@linguang-VirtualBox:/home/nodejsTest/testForGitFlow# 
root@linguang-VirtualBox:/home/nodejsTest/testForGitFlow# 
root@linguang-VirtualBox:/home/nodejsTest/testForGitFlow# git push --tags
Username for 'https://github.com': linxiaowu66
Password for 'https://linxiaowu66@github.com': 
Counting objects: 1, done.
Writing objects: 100% (1/1), 161 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 1 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://github.com/linxiaowu66/testForGitFlow.git
 * [new tag]         fix-bug-001 -> fix-bug-001

发布完这个hotfix分支之后整个代码提交历史图如下：

这么演练一番应该可以上手项目了吧？如果命令操作起来依然费劲或者记不住的话，那就使用UI操作吧：SourceTree

参考：

[1]. http://yakiloo.com/getting-started-git-flow/

[2]. http://www.cnblogs.com/cnblogsfans/p/5075073.html

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